Infection

Before we start, we clean the skin with a special solution to prevent infection. Antibiotics are often given as well. Common sites for infection include:

• Bladder (urinary tract)

• Skin incisions

• Vagina (in patients having a hysterectomy)

Bleeding

Most patients will have an expected, small amount of bleeding during and after the procedure. If there is more bleeding than expected, your surgeon might use medications to help control the bleeding. Rarely, a blood transfusion may be needed. Prior to surgery, all patients are asked to indicate whether or not they would accept a blood transfusion in life saving circumstances.

Some patients may develop a low red blood count (anemia) after surgery, which may require iron treatment in the form of pills or intravenous (IV) iron.

Injury to abdominal organs

There are many important structures in the abdomen and pelvis, such as the bowel, bladder, ureters, blood vessels, and nerves. It is rare that these structures are injured during surgery. This risk is slightly higher in patients who have endometriosis or previous abdominal surgeries.

Blood clot

The risk of a blood clot in your legs or lungs is increased after surgery but is still uncommon. Risk factors for blood clots include:

• Clotting disorders

• Elevated weight

• Pregnancy

• Immobility

• Having a previous history of blood clots

As such, you will be encouraged to walk often and early after surgery to minimize this risk. You may also receive blood thinners, which are medications used to prevent blood clots.

Anesthesia

Laparotomy is usually performed with you asleep (general anesthesia). This is safe and the anesthetist will talk to you about your specific risks before the surgery.