Infection

Before we start, we clean the skin with a special solution to prevent infection. In some surgical procedures, like hysterectomies, antibiotics are given prior to the surgery. Common sites for infection include:

• Bladder (urinary tract)
• Skin incisions
• Vagina (in patients having a hysterectomy)
• Pelvis

Bleeding

Most patients will have a small amount of bleeding during and after the procedure. If there is more bleeding than expected, your doctor might use medications to help control the bleeding. Rarely, a blood transfusion may be needed. Prior to surgery, all patients are asked to indicate whether or not they would accept a blood transfusion in life saving circumstances.

Injury to abdominal organs

There are many important structures in the abdomen and pelvis, for example the bowel, bladder, ureters, and blood vessels. It is rare that these structures are injured during surgery. This risk is slightly higher in patients who have endometriosis or previous abdominal surgeries.

Vaginal or cervical injury

The cervix or vagina can tear during surgery. Depending on the tear, your doctor might use some dissolvable stitches. These small tears have not been associated with any long-term damage to the cervix or problems in pregnancy.

Conversion to open surgery (Laparotomy)

In very rare circumstances, the surgery cannot be safely completed laparoscopically and a larger incision is made on the abdomen, either vertically or horizontally. If this happens, you may require a longer admission to hospital and recovery.

Blood clot

The risk of a blood clot (venous thromboembolism) in your legs or your lungs is increased after surgery but is still uncommon. You will be encouraged to walk often and early after surgery to minimize this risk. You may also receive a medication that helps to thin your blood.

Anesthesia

For laparoscopy you must be asleep for the procedure (general anesthesia) to allow the surgeon to see and operate safely. General anesthesia is very safe and the anesthetist will talk to you about your specific risks before the surgery.